4d9 5s2 Command To Clear Cache In Windows, Alloy steels - As well as iron and carbon, alloy steels contain one or more other elements, such as chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, silicon, or vanadium. When CL and F form bonds with other atoms, The cl bonding electrons are more shielded from the positive Cl nucleus than the F bonding electrons are shielded from the positive F nucleus. Alloys can have a microstructure consisting of solid solutions, where secondary atoms are introduced as substitutionals or interstitials in a crystal lattice. what accounts for the difference in polarity? the potential energy as a function of internuclear distance for three diatomic molecules, X, Y, Z is shown in the graph above. ___C6H6 In the figure, there is the ironiron carbide (FeFe3C) phase diagram. Please contact the submission author. E) PF5, H-C=C-HWhat is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in a molecule of ethyne, represented above? We have to calculate the the approximate neutron to proton ratio. Na+ andy allo chicago fire; . In the statistical theory of the ordering of carbon atoms in the z sublattice of martensite, the most important role is played by the parameter of the strain interaction of carbon atoms 0, which determines the critical temperature of the bccbct transition. This is because this nail is an alloy of iron with carbon, chromium and nickel. choose the electron dot formula that most accurately describes the bonding in CS2. How many resonance structures can be drawn for O3? A. A special application of isothermal hardening is called patenting and is used for steel wire. Ba, A:The atom having smallest atomic size will have small atomic radius. (D) bent, Which of the following molecules has the shortest bond length? Just different names for different carbon compositions. It was almost like shifting gears. 1p Which of the following statements is correct about the effective nuclear charge (Zet)? Carbon gives strength and hardness but at the expense of ductility. the carbon to selenium bond is non-polar covalent. 1) two atoms of one element, Q:The number of electrons in the highest energy level of 20Ca is consider atoms of the following elements. (D) The chemical reactivity increases. A., A:All atoms have the same number of electrons as protons. (B) decreasing size of the central atom one element is an alkali metal, X, and the other element is a halogen, Z. which of the following is the most valid scientific claim that can be made about the compound? D) dsp2 For Steel the final Grain size is affected by the temperature of the steel before cooling started. steel is an alloy containing fe atoms and c atoms. Q:MCQ 13: The region around the nucleus which can be filled with one or two electrons is known as Please contact the submission author. Get access to millions of step-by-step textbook and homework solutions, Send experts your homework questions or start a chat with a tutor, Check for plagiarism and create citations in seconds, Get instant explanations to difficult math equations, The basic structure of an atom is defined as the component-level of atomic structure of an atom. Answer: Option A, C is rejected because there is no chromium atom neither in surface nor in the interior side. A:We would use the given plot to answer about the trends . c) Mn+2 = [Ar] 3d(5) 4s(0) Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon! One element is an alkali metal, X, and the other element is a halogen, Z. which of the following is the most valid scientific claim that can be made about the compound. 7.2x13.5x2=16.0,14.4x1+7.0x2=31.0, Is used to explain the fact that the carbon-to-carbon bonds in benzene, C6H6, are identical, according to the VSEPR model, the progressive decrease in the bond angles in the series of molecules CH4 and NH3 and H2O is best accounted for by the, increasing number of unshared pairs of electrons, copper atoms and zinc atoms have the same atomic radius, 135 picometers. steel, alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon content ranges up to 2 percent (with a higher carbon content, the material is defined as cast iron). D. F. 6.39 Why is Equation 6.9 meaningful only forsubmicroscopic particles, such as electrons and atoms,and not for macroscopic objects? N d. Suppose the wavelength of the light is 500nm500 \mathrm{~nm}500nm. which of the following Lewis diagrams best represents the bonding in the N2O molecule, considering formal charge? 3079-3090, 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.045. C) CuCl C) OF Write condensed eiectron configurations for the following atoms and, A:a) Cu+ =[Ar] 3d(10)4s(0) Cooling steel with a lower carbon content (e.g., 0.25 percent) results in a microstructure containing about 50 percent pearlite and 50 percent ferrite; this is softer than pearlite, with a DPH of about 130. Which of the following claims about the compound that forms the C and Se is most likely to be true? consists of diatomic molecules in elemental form ~tXzQ~|TJwH^L-J* qh/c `hb/Gl msV~0X2aEc5;%$GOcv Itexists in the naturally occurring metal to the extent of7.5%. hWnId~P0 6JQd6=H{NK:]+ 8Q1&e\p C) H2O What will happen to the fringe spacing if the spacing between the slits is decreased? Consider an iron-carbon alloy that contains 0.2 wt% C, in which all the carbon atoms reside in tetrahedral interstitial sites. A:Each orbital is having maximum number of 2 electrons , one is clcokwise direction and another, Q:13. From this point down, the iron crystals are all in an austenitici.e., fccarrangement and contain all of the carbon in solid solution. which has the greater bond length, No2- or NO3-? J.J.Thomson was able to determine the e/m ratio by, Q:Calculate the energy difference inthe electron when it goes from ann= 5 energy level to ann= 2, Q:Which of the atoms listed below has the largest radius? A:Step : 1 To simulate the 9 at% FeCr alloy, two of the Cr atoms are placed in the two bottommost atomic layers (maximally far from each other). 2. Iron Ore: Iron ore is any rock or mineral containing metallic iron. 5. The presence of carbon atoms will make the steel stronger than iron but does not prevent it from rusting. 42. Find answers to questions asked by students like you. belongs to a group consisting entirely of gases As we said steel is an interstitial alloy, which in a particle level structure will show 12 large iron atoms, arranged in a 3 by 4 array and carbon atoms are present in the intersection of four Iron atoms. A crystal is a well-ordered arrangement of atoms that can best be pictured as spheres touching one another. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. %PDF-1.4 % American Airlines Car Rental Using Miles, (B) Hydrogen bonds between H2O molecules are broken. Which of the following is not a valid resonance structure for N3-? Median response time is 34 minutes for paid subscribers and may be longer for promotional offers. Q:66. In Step 3, carbon ions are generated and irradiated onto the substrate surface using an arc plasma gun. Metallurgical consultant. Multivalent B) SO2 The general rule is that steels are <2% carbon content, while cast iron is >2% carbon. Thanks, this is a great explanation! 234 0 obj <>stream Steel is an alloy consisting of Fe with a small amount of C. Elemental Cr can be added to steel to make the steel less likely to rust; Cr atoms react with oxygen in the air to form a nonreactive layer of chromium oxide on the surface of the steel, preventing the oxidation of underlying Fe atoms. II. Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-level structure of steel? please help its science not chemistry btw Ar Steel is an interstitial alloy made from Carbon and iron atoms. With stringent quality control measures, expert-led instruction, and authorized sales and service center support, Swagelok offers unmatched expertise in the worlds toughest environments. Q:How many electrons in a atom can have the designation of 5fx(z2-y2)? based on the data in the graph, which of the following correctly identifies the diatomic molecules x y z? B) NH3 Some of it, a very small amount, is contained within the crystals of iron. For further information regarding Particle structure of alloys, kindly refer, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . r-110 pm Electron Configurations And Periodicity. Figure 6.7B.1: Different atomic mechanisms of alloy formation, showing pure metal, substitutional, and interstitial structures. The values of this parameter (611 eV/atom) obtained in recent years by the methods of computer simulation TO a first approximation, the atoms in carbon steel are ALL iron..however, carbon steel is an alloy, that contains SOME quantity of carbon, that is incorporated in the iron lattice, approx., 1-2% by mass. With the interstitial mechanism, one atom is usually much smaller than the other, so cannot successfully replace an atom in the crystals of the base metal. (A) The London (dispersion) forces increase. ce- (D) Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ Carbon is always present in metallic alloys, i.e. These atoms have . The atoms are arranged in layers. steel is an alloy containing fe atoms and c atoms Layers of atoms slide over each other when metals are bent or stretched. 5p Stainless steels, also known as inox steels or inox from French inoxydable (inoxidizable), are steel alloys, which are very well known for their corrosion resistance, which increases with increasing chromium content. Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-level structure of steel? The allotropic behaviour of iron is retained with few exceptions in steel, even when the alloy contains considerable amounts of other elements. The experimentally determinded Bi-Cl bond distance in bismuth trichloride is 2.48 . Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-level structure of steel? The holes present in the metal lattice are generally the spaces present between the metal atoms. endstream endobj 206 0 obj <> endobj 207 0 obj <> endobj 208 0 obj <> endobj 209 0 obj <>stream This arrangement forms what is known as an interstitial solid solution: the carbon is located in the interstices of the iron crystal. (B) BrCl Steel is an alloy, a mixture of different substances. Which, A:Ground state electronic configuration of Ag is Omitting very extreme cases, iron in its solid state is, like all other metals, polycrystallinethat is, it consists of many crystals that join one another on their boundaries. the particle-level diagram represents the structure of solid KF. which of the following best helps explain the large difference between the lattice energies of NaF and MgF2, The charge of the Mg cation is larger than that of the Na cation, which of the following lewis diagrams best represents the bonding in the N2O molecule considering formal charges, (Actual picture of the Lewis structure) 2NIIINI6O, lewis electron dot diagrams for CO2 and SO2 are given above. Copy. (C) Cl2 The holes present in the metal lattice are generally the spaces present between the metal atoms. (C) The dipole-dipole forces increase. Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and C atoms. Fe, Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell, Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer, Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen, John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel, Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and C atoms. E) F2, Which of the following has a zero dipole moment? 1. Free Carbon is present in Cast Iron. (E) CH4, Physio III - Exam 1 - Lecture 1 - Pediatrics. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Before solidification (freezing) can occur the temperature must fall to a point on the lines AB or BC. (B) trigonal pyramidal The molecule with the largest dipole moment could describe: They are ordered in planes, called lattices, which penetrate one another in specific ways. Beyond that, you can also see that there are many phases of steel availible with different temperature / carbon concentrations. In which of the following processes are covalent bonds broken? a.) steel is an alloy containing fe atoms and c atoms. Molten steel containing, for example, a carbon content of 0.77 percent (shown by the vertical dashed line in the figure) begins to solidify at about 1,475 C (2,660 F) and is completely solid at about 1,400 C (2,550 F). In the face-centred cubic (fcc) arrangement, there is one additional iron atom at the centre of each of the six faces of the unit cube. Can be deposited from Austenite as it cools. II. There is also the term beta iron, which refers not to mechanical properties but rather to the strong magnetic characteristics of iron. For iron, the lattice arrangement can best be visualized by a unit cube with eight iron atoms at its corners. Steel is an interstitial alloy made from Carbon and iron atoms. In metabolism, the carbon atoms in the fatty acids are oxidised, producing acetyl-CoA molecules. 1=R1nf2-1ni2 (D) Br2 F- The figure presents a particulate-level diagram containing two types of particles: large white particles and small grey particles. lincoln tunnel traffic live. endstream endobj startxref Solve graphically and explain geometrically. Give the electron configuration for the following atoms using appropriate noble gas inner 13108/img_metalurgy_8.jpg cannot be found in /users/13108/img_metalurgy_8.jpg. 7.2x13.5x2=16.0,14.4x1+7.0x2=31.07.2x_1-3.5x_2=16.0, -14.4_x1+7.0x_2=31.0 c. What will happen to the fringe spacing if the distance to the screen is decreased? Explain why steel, which is an alloy of iron, is harder than pure iron. The following are properties or characteristics of different chemicals compounds: C) Cl2 Smaller Grain Size ( Except in Special circumstances) is always associated with increased toughness and strength. Carbon atoms fill the spaces between iron atom, making the structure % more rigid. However, specific alloys of steel tempered in the right ways make the carbon molecules squeeze between the gaps of iron molecules, so that the atoms are then stacked like boxes straight on top of each other, forward and backward. Figure 6.7B.1: Different atomic mechanisms of alloy formation, showing pure metal, substitutional, and interstitial structures. To put it another way, if you have a bunch of ping pong balls inside of a box they will likely stack in a pyramid style formation, one layer will be offset from the next will be offset from the next. Nevertheless, in terms of a multicomponent alloy, atoms whose energy state is affected least by the surface are segregated to the liquid surface region. By far the most widely used material for building the world's infrastructure and industries, it is used to fabricate everything from sewing needles to oil tankers. An alloy is a mixture of two or more materials, at least one of which is a metal. These are generally stronger, harder, tougher, and more durable than carbon steels. although the molar mass of KCl is greater than that of KF, the density of KCl is actually less than that if KF. record answers from the lowest to highest values. O2- is more negatively charged than F-. B) O2 b. a. The principal alloying elements for steel are chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, tungsten, vanadium, and boron. Chemical Engineering questions and answers. The four main types of steel. Reveal answer. The electronic configuration of, Q:Atoms of Ca-38 and Ca-40 differ with respect to number of Either it is in solid solution in austenite and ferrite or it is found as a carbide. For Steel the Carbon must be present as Iron Carbide. E) d2sp, (A) CO2 (B) H2O (C) CH4 (D) C2H4 (E) PH3 "PEARLITE" The eutectoid mixture of Cementite and Ferrite. Steel - Steel is an alloy of iron that contains carbon ranging by weight between 0.02% and 2.11% -It often includes other alloying ingredients as well: manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum - classification of steels: plain carbon, low-alloy, stainless, tool Metals Phase diagram for Iron and Carbon 3. steel is an alloy containing fe atoms and c atoms. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Metallurgical Engineering - Cast irons, Aluminum research. Grain-oriented silicon steel (Fe-Si steel; transformer steel; electrical steel) is a soft magnetic polycrystalline metallic alloy that is used as core material in electrical transformer cores and electrical motors.. C High Melting Point Which set of coefficients, when used in the order listed, will balance the following skeleton equation for the combustion of benzene, C6H6(l)? = C = Fe O = Fe = C = II 8 = = Fe O=C O = C Fe O = Fe Question: Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and Catoms. As the temperature continues to fall, more and more pure Iron is deposited until only Austenite solid solut1on of 0.82% Carbon at. Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-level structure of steel? Check out a sample Q&A here See Solution star_border (A) N2 (D) SO2 The molecular geometries and polarity of the two substances are, different because the lone pair of electrons on the S atom make it the negative end of a dipole, the lattice energy of a salt is related to the energy required to separate the ions. even atoms all in a straight line and straight columns and all identical. (This explains why gray iron, which contains more than 2 percent carbon, is processed at much lower temperatures than steel.) Enter the chemical symbol, A:Explanation to the correct answer is given below, Q:24. Curious how close to pure iron you can get. genetic drift occurs when quizlet; 5th metacarpal fracture rehab protocol; anthony mackie smiling meme; carter carol cervantez; steel is an alloy containing fe atoms and c atoms. b. So steel and cast are related by being irons. (B) The hydrogen bonding increases. Steel contains atoms of other elements as well as iron. answer choices Question 16 120 seconds Q. The molecule that has trigonal pyramidal geometry, In which of the following groups are the three species isoelectronic; i.e., have the same number of electrons? C) SO2 steel is an alloy containing fe atoms and c atoms . the phenomenon shown in the diagram best supports which of the following claims about the bonding . Group of answer choices Te (C) SiO2 The terminology isn't totally perfect since that terminology predates our understanding of elements, atoms, and crystals that we now understand define these materials. However, after further adsorption of Pb around the Fe atoms on the alloy-doped Fe (111) surface, the work functions are found to decrease, implying that the shielded electrons can be reactivated when in contact with Pb. O = an atom of one, A:option 2 Please contact the submission author. E) SF6, Which of the following molecules has the shortest bond length? D) Br2 Please contact the submission author. Engineers apply the knowledge of math & science to design and manufacture maintainable systems used to solve specific problems. (D) An ionic solid (D) increasing number of unshared pairs of electrons In metabolism, the carbon atoms in the fatty acids are oxidised, producing acetyl-CoA molecules. The temperature and velocity range for Iron-carbon diagram. b) Co = [Ar] 3d(7) 4s(2) (C) Covalent bonds between H2O molecules are broken. Which of the following diagrams represents the particle level structure of steel, In the reaction represented above, what is the hybridization of the C atoms before and after the reaction occurs, which of the following atoms or ions has exactly two unpaired electrons, in which of the following groups are the three species isoelectric, the electron pair in a C-F bond could be considered. The Cleavage Planes of Iron or Steel Crystals do not all lie in the same direction. Are there any use cases for alloys with a very high carbon content? The name does not apply to the Iron of the eutectoid. Please contact the submission author. This difference in boiling points may be attributed to a difference in, In a molecule in which the central atom exhibits sp3d2 hybrid orbitals, the electron pairs are directed toward the corners of, Is used to explain why the boiling point of HF is greater than the boiling point of HBr, The SbCl5 molecule has trigonal bipyramid structure. where, R = 10973731.6m-1, Q:Atomic Radii of the First 86 Elements Whatis tha ganaral. Layers of atoms slide over each other when metals are bent or stretched. Which two factors must be equal when a chemical reaction reaches equilibrium? One and two only Which of the following is a nonpolar molecule that contains polar bonds? Thus option c cannot be the structure. How much farther is it from the dot on the screen in the center of fringe EEE to the left slit than it is from the dot to the right slit? (E) Covalent bonds between H+ ions and H2O molecules become more effective. Steel is an iron alloy containing 0.5 to 1.5 percent carbon. As the wire cooled, you could see the ring rise and fall several times as the molecular composition of the wire traveled through multiple phases. 02- When a force is applied, the layers. Jinja2 If Not Equal, Po steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms the atoms. 2. If youwant any, A:e = charge of an electron, m= mass of electron Steel is an alloy containing Fe atoms and C atoms. (A) increasing strength of the bonds Steels consist of iron (Fe) alloyed with carbon (C) (about 0.1% to 1%, depending on type). (E) CaCl2, According to the VSEPR model, the progressive decrease in the bond angles in the series of molecules CH4, NH3, and H2O is best accounted for by the 1. Plus, that was a really good link. (A) SiCl4 Which of the following compounds is ionic and contains both sigma and pi covalent bonds? (b) The atomicmasses of 6Li and 7Li are 6.015122 and 7.016004 amu, respectively.A sample of lithium depleted in the lighter isotopewas found on analysis to contain 1.442% 6Li. Metal and Alloys Create. The lithium metal remaining afterremoval of 6Li was sold on the market. hb```,@( Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-level structure of steel? 3. Identify three artificial satellites that Canada has launched into Earth orbit, and describe their function. 2. Which of the following diagrams best represents the particle-level structure of steel? A:The quantum numbers are useful in describing the electronic configuration in an atom and the, Q:Which particle diagram represents a In metallurgy, stainless steel is a steel alloy with at least 10.5% chromium with or without other alloying elements and a maximum of 1.2% carbon by mass. Se. I took a Materials course for my mechanical engineering degree and this diagram plus demonstrations around it were some of the coolest things that I learned. Please contact the submission author. Ground state electronic configuration of O. Which of the following diagrams represents the particle level structure of Steel? 13108/imgmetalurgy_6.jpg cannot be found in /users/13108/imgmetalurgy_6.jpg. Given the tablulated value of 0.99 for the atomic radius of Cl, predict the atomic radius of Bi? B) SO2 13108/img_metalurgy_5.jpg cannot be found in /users/13108/img_metalurgy_5.jpg. So option D is not possible. the BF3 molecule is nonpolar, whereas the NF3 molecule is polar. 1, A:To solve this problem we have to write the electronic configuration of each elements or ions given, Q:In a single atom, what is the maximum number of electrons which can have quantum numbern= 4?, Q:1. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Steels consist of iron (Fe) alloyed with carbon (C) (about 0.1% to 1%, depending on type). d. 4s in C6H6? Carbon atoms fill the spaces between iron atom, making the structure % more rigid. Pearlite has a diamond pyramid hardness (DPH) of approximately 200 kilograms-force per square millimetre (285,000 pounds per square inch), compared with a DPH of 70 kilograms-force per square millimetre for pure iron. Press J to jump to the feed. past wbt radio personalities; embassy suites by hilton phoenix biltmore; canton mckinley high school yearbooks; how to show spotify on lock screen pixel A common example of the interstitial alloy is steel which is a metal substance that contains iron, carbon, and various other elements. C Menu Close unhealthiest cuisine in the world Open menu. The driving power for pitting corrosion is the depassivation of a small area, which becomes anodic (oxidation reaction) while an unknown but potentially vast area becomes cathodic (reduction reaction), leading to very localized galvanic corrosion. two and three, Q:1. According to the VSEPR model, the progressive decrease in the bond angles in the series of molecules CH4, NH3, and H2O is best accounted for by the, increasing the number of unshared pairs of electrons, The best explanation for the fact that diamond is extremely hard is that diamond crystals, are giant molecules in which each atom forms strong covalent bonds with all of its neighboring atoms. Composition of 100 g of carbon steel; element % mass (g) = % mass of steel (g) carbon : 1%: Atoms in a metal are packed tightly in layers and held by strong metallic bonds. 6.7B: Interstitial Alloys is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. 1) percentage carbon means the mass of carbon relative to the mass of iron. Cu + O --- This question is answered by using the simple concept size of the ions which depends on the, Q:On the basis of the Pauli exclusion principle, the structure of the periodic table of the elements, A:Orbitals are the space around the nucleus where there is a high probability to find an electron. D) CH4 10 20 This is why you see red hot steel dunked in water after being worked, although now a days I believe most steel is forced air quenched. This changes the physical properties of the steel, and is one factor toward creating the different states shown in the graph. A few examples of these small atoms are boron, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. steel, alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon content ranges up to 2 percent (with a higher carbon content, the material is defined as cast iron). On cooling to "X" on the line AE the alloy begins to reject or deposit practically pure Iron. 40 a. Ag2+ + O2- plain-carbon steels may be as high as 2.0%, but such an alloy is rarely found. (B) A molecular solid with zero dipole moment Many theories have been stated for explain. (C) square pyramidal Something made of pure iron is softer than steel because the atoms can slip over one another. olyatomic Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon containing less than 2% carbon and 1% manganese and small amounts of silicon, phosphorus, Sulphur, and oxygen. which of the following atoms cannot exceed the octet rule in a molecule, which of the following has an incomplete octet in its lewis structure. Which of the following molecules contains only single bonds? Explaining alloy hardness In the solid state, a pure metal has a giant metallic structure. (H for the phase change H2O(g) H2O(l) is -44 kJ mol. from Wikipedia. Mild steel: Carbon and iron: . (B) Sc, Ti, V2+ Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) has been a common and serious issue in many metal materials. Atomic Number On the basis of coulombs law. Two children are playing on two trampolines. Which pair, A:This is the concept of Electronic configuration, Q:Which of the following electrons is most loosely bound in a calcium atom? Q:How many electrons in an atom can have the following designations? The nail made from steel will rust slowly. A special application of isothermal hardening is called patenting and is used for steel wire. Which of the following best helps explain why the electronegativity of Cl is less than that of F? 205 0 obj <> endobj Tool steels - These are especially hard alloy steels used to make tools, dies, and machine parts. A) NaCl 4. Updates? = C To make Au stronger and harder, it is often alloyed with other metals, such as Cu and Ag. configuration 'ns?np4 is: B) O3 O Alkali metals, Q:20. Alloy steels contain varying amounts of carbon as well as other metals, such as chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, etc. The following is an electron transfer reaction between two atoms: (For a list of steel production by country, see below World steel production.) Steel is an alloy consisting of Fe with a small amount of C. Elemental Cr can be added to steel to make the steel less likely to rust: Cr atoms react with oxygen in the air to form a nonreactive layer of chromium oxide . steel is an alloy containing fe atoms and c atoms. The presence of carbon atoms will make the steel stronger than iron but does not prevent it from rusting. In its pure form, iron is soft and generally not useful as an engineering material; the principal method of strengthening it and converting it into steel is by adding small amounts of carbon. The carbon atoms are much smaller than the iron atoms so they are present in between the iron atoms, which is called an interstitial atom.
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