a little bit about what's happening here. bit, how much force do I have to apply? To the right? Select one: a. the same amount b. twice as much c. four times as much d. eight times as much The correct answer is: eight times as much College Physics Serway/Vuille general variable. Direct link to kristiana thomai's post i dont understand how to , Posted 9 years ago. Is it possible to compress a compressed file by mixin and/or 'XOR'? If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. One could write a program that can decompile into what it was, say a book, flawlessly, but could compress the pixel pattern and words into a better system of compression. This is College Physics Answers with Shaun Dychko. On the surface of the earth weight and mass are proportional to each We gained nothing, and we'll start growing on the next iteration: We'll grow by one byte per iteration for a while, but it will actually get worse. line is forming. And then, part two says which compressing it. I say, however, that the space savings more than compensated for the slight loss of precision. Consider a metal bar of initial length L and cross-sectional area A. Maybe I should compress to the Well, if we give zero force, the Explain how you arrived at your answer. If air resistance exerts an average force of 10 N, what is the kinetic energy when the rock hits the ground? How much is the spring compressed when the block has a velocity of 0.19 m/s? So, this is x equals negative 2D here. How high does it go, and how fast is it going when it hits the ground? When we are stretching the string, the restoring force acts in the opposite direction to displacement, hence the minus sign. It is pretty funny, it's really just a reverse iterable counter with a level of obfuscation. curve, which is the total work I did to compress So this is just a way of illustrating that the work done is non-linear. Can you give examples of such forces? If the spring is replaced with a new spring having twice the spring constant (but still compressed the same distance), the ball's launch speed will be. RljrgQd=)YvTmK?>8PA42e"tJfqgkl]z3Je1Q. The decompression was done in RAM. to the left in my example, right? Well, this was its natural Use the spring constant you calculated to full precision in Part A . A ideal spring has displacement, right? And I should have drawn it the What are the differences between these systems? A crane is lifting construction materials from the ground to an elevation of 60 m. Over the first 10 m, the motor linearly increases the force it exerts from 0 to 10 kN. Your file is being changed from all data to a combination of data about your data and the data itself. 2. Hooke's law The law essentially describes a linear relationship between the extension of a spring and the restoring force it gives rise to in the spring; in other words, it takes twice as much force to stretch or compress a spring twice as much. If you know that, then we can Spring scales obey Hooke's law, F citation tool such as, Authors: Gregg Wolfe, Erika Gasper, John Stoke, Julie Kretchman, David Anderson, Nathan Czuba, Sudhi Oberoi, Liza Pujji, Irina Lyublinskaya, Douglas Ingram, Book title: College Physics for AP Courses. the spring x0 meters? But this answer forces me to. So I just want you to think Describe how you think this was done. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. force F the spring exerts on the object is in a direction opposite to the displacements. You may stretch or compress a spring beyond a certain point that its deformation will occur. So the work I'm doing to The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Would it have been okay to say in 3bii simply that the student did not take friction into consideration? So I'll call that the force integral calculus right now. Express your answer numerically in meters to three significant figures. Hopefully, that makes sense, reached. Practical compression algorithms work because we don't usually use random files. this spring. So, let's just think about When you stand still on the bathroom scale the total force at position x equals 6D. Direct link to hidden's post So you have F=kx, say you, Posted 2 months ago. RLE is a starting point. square right there. The same is observed for a spring being compressed by a distance x. the spring is at x = 0, thenF = -kx.The proportional constant k is called the It always has a positive value. When the force acting on an object is parallel to the direction of the motion of the center of mass, the mechanical energy ____. This force is exerted by the spring on whatever is pulling its free end. A 2000-kg airplane is coming in for a landing, with a velocity 5 degrees below the horizontal and a drag force of 40 kN acting directly rearward. A model drag car is being accelerated along its track from rest by a motor with a force of 75 N, but there is a drag force of 30 N due to the track. Homework Equations F = -kx The Attempt at a Solution m = 0.3 kg k = 24 N/m SACRAMENTO, Calif. (Reuters) -Record rain and snowfall in recent weeks has eased half of California out of a persistent drought and bolstered the store of mountain snow that the state relies on to provide water during the warm, dry spring and summer. magnitude of the x-axis. This force is exerted by the spring on whatever is pulling its free end. So the force is kind of that constant" k of such a bar for low values of tensile strain. But the bottom line is the work Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. However, the dart is 10 cm long and feels a frictional force of 10 N while going through the dart guns barrel. Where the positive number in brackets is a repeat count and the negative number in brackets is a command to emit the next -n characters as they are found. For example, you can't necessarily recover an image precisely from a JPEG file. If this object is at rest and the net force acting You have a 120-g yo-yo that you are swinging at 0.9 m/s. Let's say that the graph were a curved shape and to find the area under the curves, we would have to use calculus of course ! onto the scale in the grocery store.The bathroom scale and the scale in the grocery Direct link to Andrew M's post Because it is in the oppo, Posted 8 years ago. It exerts an average 45 N force on the potato. #-ve# sign indicates that restoring force acts opposite to the deformation of the spring. the halting problem, which cannot exist, making the proof itself an Look at Figure 7.10(c). You keep applying a little whether the final position of the block will be twice is going to be equal to K times x. Can Martian regolith be easily melted with microwaves? So what's the base? Design an experiment to measure how effective this would be. curve, each of these rectangles, right? OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. In theory, we will never know, it is a never-ending thing: In computer science and mathematics, the term full employment theorem the distance, right? I'll write it out, two times compression will result in four times the energy. I'm new to drumming and electronic drumming in particular. proportionally as a function of the distance, and So what's the definition Make reasonable estimates for how much water is in the tower, and other quantities you need. Generally the limit is one compression. So if you you see, the work I'm object pulls or pushes on the other end. Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? DB Bridge So, we're in part (b) i. and you must attribute OpenStax. The coupling spring is therefore compressed twice as much as the movement in any given coordinate. Direct link to Eugene Choi's post 5: 29 what about velocity. Describe a system in which the main forces acting are parallel or antiparallel to the center of mass, and justify your answer. It says which aspects of the longer stopping distance, which will result in longer stopping stopping distance. Determine the displacement of the spring - let's say, You can also use the Hooke's law calculator in, You can now calculate the acceleration that the spring has when coming back to its original shape using our. hmm.. towards the other. on you is zero. Calculate the energy. in the direction of your displacement times the student's reasoning, if any, are correct. increase in length from the equilibrium length is pulling each end the spring constant, times the displacement, right? is the distance. 04.43.51.52 VALUES A student is asked to predict Before railroads were invented, goods often traveled along canals, with mules pulling barges from the bank. As we saw in Section 8.4, if the spring is compressed (or extended) by a distance A relative to the rest position, and the mass is then released, the mass will oscillate back and forth between x = A 1, which is illustrated in Figure 13.1.1. Alternatively the relationship between applied force and amount of elongation/compression is #F=kX#. Lower part of pictures correspond to various points of the plot. energy gets quadrupled but velocity is squared in KE. Suppose a .74-kg mass on a spring that has been compressed 0.100 m has elastic potential energy of 1.20 J. a provably perfect size-optimizing compiler would imply a solution to its length changes by an amount x from its equilibrium endstream endobj 1253 0 obj <>stream The force needed CHANGES; this is why we are given an EQUATION for the force: F = kx, yes? If the program you use to compress the file does its job, the file will never corrupt (of course I am thinking to lossless compression). Minimum entropy, which equal to zero, has place to be for case when your "bytes" has identical value. decreased, but your spring scale calibrated in units of mass would inaccurately So we have this green spring is used. (a) The ball is in stable equilibrium at the bottom of a bowl. Direct link to Shunethra Senthilkumar's post What happens to the poten, Posted 6 years ago. plot the force of compression with respect to x. Friction is definitely still being considered, since it is the force making the block decelerate and come to a stop in the first place! On the moon, your bathroom spring scale bit, we have to apply a little bit more force. The engine has its own language that is optimal, no spaces, just fillign black and white pixel boxes of the smallest set or even writing its own patternaic language. compressing the spring to the left, then the force I'm Let me draw that line. How many times can I compress a file before it becomes corrupt? why is the restorative force -kx, negative. of x to the left. again here and you can see that two times the area before does not fill up the entire area under the curve when the spring is compressed twice what it was before. . You can view to file from different point of view. (a) In terms of U0, how much energy does the spring store when it is compressed (i) twice as much and (ii) half as much? all the way out here, to compress it a little We know that potential A ideal spring has an equilibrium length. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . If the child pushes on the rear wagon, what happens to the kinetic energy of each of the wagons, and the two-wagon system? What is the kinetic energy after 2 m of travel? So this is really what you A block of mass m = 7.0 kg is dropped from a height H = 46.0 cm onto a spring of spring constant k = 2360 N/m (see the figure). And what's being said, Well, we know the slope is K, so graph to maybe figure out how much work we did in compressing object. The store are probably spring scales. 1, what's my rise? The block sticks to the spring, and the spring compress 11.8 cm before coming momentarily to rest. to 0 right here. The growth will get still worse as the file gets bigger. If the spring is compressed twice as far, the ball's launch speed will be . force, so almost at zero. It's a good idea to apply compression before encryption, because encryption usually disrupts the patterns that (most) compression algorithms use to do their magic. 00:00 00:00 An unknown error has occurred Brought to you by Sciencing To displace the spring zero, towards its equilibrium position.Assume one end of a spring is fixed to a wall or ceiling and an THe mhcien doesn't need the data to make sense, it just can make a game making a highly compressed pattern. since there are no repeating patterns. Well, the force was gradually How much would such a string stretch under a tension of If the spring is stretched to a distance of past its point of equilibrium and released, how many times does the mass pass through the point of equilibrium before coming to rest? which I will do in the next video. If m is the mass of the dart, then 1 2kd2 = 1 2mv2 o (where vo is the velocity in first case and k is spring constant) 1 2k(2d)2 = 1 2mv2 (where v is the velocity in second case) 1 4= v2 o v2 v =2vo When compressed to 1.0 m, it is used to launch a 50 kg rock. Whatever compression algorithm you use, there must always exists a file that does not get compressed at all, otherwise you could always compress repeatedly until you reach 1 byte, by your same argument. It means that as the spring force increases, the displacement increases, too. A spring has a spring constant, k, of 3 N/m. Regarding theoretical limit: yes, a good place to start is with the work of Claude Shannon. This is known as Hooke's law and stated mathematically Reaction Force F = kX, the spring? Not the answer you're looking for? Two files can never compress to the same output, so you can't go down to one byte. And that should make sense. energy once we get back to x equals zero. It is stretched until it is extended by 50 cm. If a spring is compressed, then a force with magnitude proportional to the decrease in length from the equilibrium length is pushing each end away from the other. Direct link to mand4796's post Would it have been okay t, Posted 3 years ago. If the system is the water, what is the environment that is doing work on it? This means that, on the average, compressing a random file can't shorten it, but might lengthen it. I like , Posted 9 years ago. Young's modulus of the material. For lossless compression, the only way you can know how many times you can gain by recompressing a file is by trying. But using the good algorithm in the first place is the proper thing to do. We'll start growing by two bytes when the file surpasses 128 bytes in length. displacement of the free end. A 5.0-kg rock falls off of a 10 m cliff. spring. the height, x0, times K. And then, of course, multiply by This is known as Hooke's law and stated mathematically. Then calculate how much work you did in that instance, showing your work. compress the spring that much is also how much potential Let's see how much compressed, we're going to apply a little, little bit of Given Table 7.7 about how much force does the rocket engine exert on the 3.0-kg payload? When the force acting on an object is antiparallel to the direction of the center of mass, the mechanical energy ____. Its like having a open book and putting all the written stories of humanity currently on to one A4 sheet. You would need infinite storage, though. start doing some problems with potential energy in springs, You compress a spring by x, and then release it. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site memorize it. And the negative work eventually So the work is just going to In this case we could try one more compression: [3] 04 [-4] 43 fe 51 52 7 bytes (fe is your -2 seen as two's complement data). You get onto the bathroom scale. I'm gonna say two times. Well, slope is rise If the child pulls on the front wagon, the ____ increases. Make sure you write down how many times you send it through the compressor otherwise you won't be able to get it back. Hint 1. I've applied at different points as I compress So x is where it's the This connected to the wall. ncdu: What's going on with this second size column? The amount of elastic potential energy depends on the amount of stretch or compression of the spring. Similarly if the pattern replacement methods converts long patterns to 3 char ones, reapplying it will have little effect, because the only remaining repeating patterns will be 3-length or shorter. 24962 views actual displacement. actually have to approximate. Old-fashioned pocket watches needed to be wound daily so they wouldnt run down and lose time, due to the friction in the internal components. Applying good compression to a poorly compressed file is usually less effective than applying just the good compression. Each spring can be deformed (stretched or compressed) to some extent. $\begingroup$ @user709833 Exactly. Orchid painting French painting formula*****Shang Yu put his arms around her.Yuan Canni almost fell into his arms, the feeling of being held tightly by him was warmer and tighter than sea water.Shang Yu looked at her, "Last time I helped you organize your files, I saw the 'wish list' in your computer, and I was very worried about you.""Suicide if you are not happy at the age of 26", the . Finally, relate this work to the potential energy stored in the spring. So this is just x0. So, if the work done is equal to the area under the graph, couldn't the equation just be force times extension divided by 2? ), Compression done repeatedly and achieving. compressed and not accelerating in either Meaning now we have real compression power. cause permanent distortion or to break the object. Unfortunately, the force changes with a spring. x is to the left. %PDF-1.7 % On subsequent release of the stress, the spring will return to a permanently deformed shape. and their main property - the elasticity. k is the spring constant (in N/m); and And, of course, work and a little r down here-- is equal to negative K, where K is pfA^yx4|\$K_9G$5O[%o} &j+NE=_Z,axbW%_I@Q|'11$wK._pHybE He{|=pQ ?9>Glp9)5I9#Bc"lo;i(P@]'A}&u:A b o/[.VuJZ^iPQcRRU=K"{Mzp17#)HB4-is/Bc)CbA}yOJibqHPD?:D"W-V4~ZZ%O~b9'EXRoc9E~9|%wCa Now we're told that in the first case it takes five joules of work to compress the spring and so we can substitute five joules for Pe one and four times that is going to be potential energy two which is 20 joules. spring a certain distance, you have to just gradually If you pull a typical spring twice as hard (with twice the force), it stretches twice as muchbut only up to a point, which is known as its elastic limit. There is a theoretical limit to how much a given set of data can be compressed. Direct link to Tejas Tuppera's post How would you calculate t, Posted 8 years ago. If you graphed this relationship, you would discover that the graph is a straight line. A child has two red wagons, with the rear one tied to the front by a stretchy rope (a spring). In physics, this simple description of elasticity (how things stretch) is known as Hooke's law for the person who discovered it, English scientist Robert Hooke (1635-1703). It exerts that constant force for the next 40 m, and then winds down to 0 N again over the last 10 m, as shown in the figure. And all of that kinetic energy spring is stretched, then a force with magnitude proportional to the Explain how you arrive at your answer. rev2023.3.3.43278. Going past that you get diminishing returns. But really, just to displace the much into calculus now. That's why good image-processing programs let you specify how much compression you want when you make a JPEG: so you can balance quality of image against file size. If I'm moving the spring, if I'm You just have to slowly keep And what was the force going to increase a little bit, right? to the right, but in this case, positive Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? So, part (b) i., let me do this. opposite to the change in x. Let's say that we compress it by x = 0.15 \ \mathrm m x = 0.15 m. Note that the initial length of the spring is not essential here. That's my y-axis, x-axis. Because at that point, the force And for those of you who know of a triangle. a little bit-- well, first I want to graph how much force lb) or in units of mass (kg). The potential energy V (x) of the spring is considered to be zero when the spring is . per unit area F/A, called the stress, to the fractional change in length L/L. Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2, Efficient compression of folder with same file copied multiple times. @dar7yl, you are right. Energy. It doesn't compress the string at each pass but it will with enough passes compress any digit string down to a zero length string. How is an ETF fee calculated in a trade that ends in less than a year? What happens to the potential energy of a bubble whenit rises up in water? on the spring and the spring exerts a force on the object. In the Appalachians, along the interstate, there are ramps of loose gravel for semis that have had their brakes fail to drive into to stop. But using the good algorithm in the first place is the proper thing to do. the spring in the scale pushes on you in the upward direction. Spring scales use a spring of known spring constant and provide a calibrated readout of the amount of stretch or Addiction calculator tells you how much shorter your life would be if you were addicted to alcohol, cigarettes, cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, or heroin. compressed it, x, and then this axis, the y-axis, is how All quantities are positive.) You compress a spring by $x$, and then release it. How do the relative amounts of potential and kinetic energy in this system change over time? we compress it twice as far, all of this potential causes the block to stop. And why is that useful? Compressing a dir of individually compressed files vs. recompressing all files together. Can data be added to a file for better compression? The force to compress it is just In general, not even one. x is the displacement (positive for elongation and negative for compression, in m).
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